Diabetes reversal by inhibition of the low-molecular-weight tyrosine
phosphatase.
Stanford SM1,2, Aleshin AE3, Zhang V1,2, Ardecky RJ4, Hedrick MP4, Zou J4, Ganji SR4, Bliss MR1, Yamamoto F4, Bobkov AA4, Kiselar J5, Liu Y6, Cadwell GW3, Khare S4, Yu J4, Barquilla A1, Chung TDY4, Mustelin T7, Schenk S8, Bankston LA3, Liddington RC3, Pinkerton AB4, Bottini N1,2.
Nat Chem Biol. 2017
Jun;13(6):624-632. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.2344. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
Abstract
Obesity-associated
insulin resistance plays a central role in type 2 diabetes. As such, tyrosine
phosphatases that dephosphorylate the insulin receptor (IR) are potential
therapeutic targets. The low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase
(LMPTP) is a proposed IR phosphatase, yet its role in insulin signaling in vivo
has not been defined. Here we show that global and liver-specific LMPTP
deletion protects mice from high-fat diet-induced diabetes without affecting
body weight. To examine the role of the catalytic activity of LMPTP, we
developed a small-molecule inhibitor with a novel uncompetitive mechanism, a
unique binding site at the opening of the catalytic pocket, and an exquisite
selectivity over other phosphatases. This inhibitor is orally bioavailable, and
it increases liver IR phosphorylation in vivo and reverses high-fat
diet-induced diabetes. Our findings suggest that LMPTP is a key promoter of
insulin resistance and that LMPTP inhibitors would be beneficial for treating
type 2 diabetes.
El equipo de investigadores tenía la sospecha de que una enzima,
en particular, era la responsable de producir la resistencia a la insulina. La
enzima – conocida como proteína de bajo peso molecular tirosina fosfato o LMPTP
– se puede encontrar en el hígado y parece interactuar con las células de tal
manera que estas se convierten en resistentes ante la presencia de insulina.
Conjurando
un nuevo fármaco diseñado específicamente para dificultar el progreso del
LMPTP, el equipo pensó que permitiría a los receptores de insulina de las
células volver a ser capaces de reaccionar ante esta como normalmente lo
harían. Encontraron que estaban acertados.
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